- Support
- Five copper plates, with one blank; h. 5.5 × w. 26 × d. 0.1 cm. The ring of the copper plate has a circular seal depicting a lion.
- Text
- Sanskrit language, Southern Brāhmī script. h. unavailable × w. unavailable cm .
- Date
- Thirty-seventh regnal year of the king Govindavarman I of the Viṣṇukuṇḍin dynasty. Approximatively between 425 and 450 CE. The plates may however be a (likely modified) copy of the orginal grant, produced under the reign of Vikamendravarman II (r. ca. 555—572). The paleography of the inscription would support such a later date. Cf. eiad-bibl:Tournier2018: 27–28, n. 17.
- Origin
- Tummalagudem, Ramannapeta taluk, Nalgonda district.
- Provenance
- Discovered in the village of Tummalagudem. The precise date of discovery is unknown. Identified at Archaeological Museum Panagal (acc. no. P-7175) in January 2017.
- Visual Documentation
-
Photo(s):
- Sastri in Bharati 1965.
- Sankaranarayanan 1974, pl. III-V.
- Editors
- Arlo Griffiths and Vincent Tournier, with contributions by Stefan Baums and Ingo Strauch.
- Publication history
- First described and edited by Sastri in Bharati 1965 , pp. 18ff., July, pp. 2ff.., followed by Rama Rao 1965: 738–41 , Sankaranarayanan 1974: 9–14 and Mirashi 1982b: 135–41 . Re-edited here from published documentation and after autopsy of the plates.
(1) [ (dextrorotatory-spiral) ] svasti jitaṁ bhagavatā tena saṁbuddhena kr̥pātmanā nirvvāṇaprāptaye yena sadbhy[o] mārggaḥ pra[da]rśitaḥ || satvasatya-
(2)tyāgābhi[ja]nanayavinayotsāhādiguṇagaṇasaṁpadā svayamadhigatarājyānāṁ samyakprajāpālanāt pra-
(3) ◯ thitāvadātapr̥thuyaśasāṁ rājñāṁ viṣṇukuṇḍīnām amalavipulasakalakulatila-
(4) ◯kena śrīmahārājendravarmmasatpautreṇa mahārājaśrīmādhavavarmmaṇaḥ suputreṇa svataya-
(5)bhujabalotsāhaprabhāvānurāgāvāptasvarājyena śauryyadhairyyapratāpānubhāvād a-
(6) plate 2anyasāmantākrāntarājyāntareṇa dānamānādibhir anuraktavarṇṇāśramasvajanaparijanena grāmakṣetra-
(7)hi[ra]ṇyadviradaturagagobalīvarddaśayanāsanayānapānabhojanabhājanabhavanavasanābharaṇakanyā-
(8) ◯dāsīdāsasahasrāṇāṁ dātrā °anekadevāyatanavihārasabhāprapātaḍākodupānā-
(9) ◯rām[a]pratisaṁskārapūrvvakaraṇenālaṁkr̥tasakaladigantareṇa bhikṣudvijā[n]ātha[yāca]kavyā-
(10)dhitadīnakr̥paṇajanopabhujyamānanyāyādhigatavibhavadhanasamudayenāsa[kr̥]dasakr̥tsa[r]vva-
(11)svatyāginā sakalaśāstrārtthaśravaṇaparijñānād iha paratra cānanyaca[kṣ]u[ṣ]ā vi[d]vachhūramahā-
(12) plate 2b 2 kulīnajanasamāśrayeṇa sakalasatvadhātutrāṇāyotpāditamahābodhicigtena mahārājaśrī-
(13)govindavarmmaṇā °ātmanaḥ pravarddhamānavijayarājyasaṁvatsare saptatriṁśatke vaiśākhapūrṇṇamāsyāṁ bhaga-
(14) ◯vato daśabalabalinaḥ caturvvaiśāradyaviśāradasyāṣṭādaśāveṇikabuddhadharmmasamalaṁ[k]r̥-
(15) ◯tamūrtter dvātriṁśatmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇavaropalakṣitasya jātijarāmaraṇaśokādiṣu bahu-
(16)saṁsāraduḥkhanimagnasarvvasatvottāraṇāyānekakalpāsaṁkhyeyopacitapuṇyajñānasaṁbhārabhāra-
(17)syāpagatarāgadveṣamohajananamaraṇaduḥkhasyāpratihatānāvaraṇasakalajñeyaj[ñ]ānā-
(18) plate 3at samyaksaṁbuddhasya buddhasya mā[rg]gam abhiprapannaṁ nirvvidvirāgaśīlaśikṣādhutaguṇāddhyayanaśravaṇa(ci) -
(19)ntanabhāvanādhy[ā]nasamādhisamāpattyādibhi guṇagaṇair anuttaraṁ puṇyakṣetraṁ triyānayāyinaṁ cāturdd[i] -
(20) ◯śam āryyasaṅgham uddiśya tyāgaparibhogānvayam aupadhikañ ca puṇyakriyāvastvabhinirvvartta-
(21) ◯yiṣyatā mātāpitroḥ sarvvasatvānāñ ca nikhiladāridye duḥkhopaśamahetoḥ svasyā °agra-
(22)mahiṣyā paramamahādevyā vihārasya dīpadhūpagandhapuṣpadhvajapānabhojanaśayanāsanaglāna-
(23)bhaiṣajyakhaṇḍasphuṭitaśīrṇṇasaṁskārādik[u]śalamūlānupac[ch]edārtthaṁ dvāv em[b]u[d]alapeṇ[ṇ]apaṟa-
(24) plate 3b 3 nāmadheyau grāmau °udakadānapūrvvakaṁm atisr̥ṣṭau sanidhisopanidhisadaṇḍakaravriṣṭisocche[ṣaṇa]bhāga-
(25)bhogapradey[a] cārabhaṭadūtavallabharājapuruṣair apraveśyau vimuktasakalapari[hā]rau viṣ[ṇu]k[u]ṇ[ḍ]i-
(26) ◯kulavaṁśyai rājabhis saṁrakṣaṇīyau saṁvarddhanīyau ca sthitir eṣā sthā[p]it[a] sthityatikrame pa[ñ]ca-
(27) ◯mahāpātakayogaḥ pravr̥ttapuṇyakriyāvicchede cānattaduḥkhabhūyiṣṭh[a]nara[ka]ti[r]yya-
(28)kpretagatiṣv aniṣṭakarmmaphalopabhogam anubhavanti || bhavanti cātra manugītā ślokā || ◊
(29) ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi svargge vasati bhūmidaḥ °ācchettā hy anumantā ca tāny eva narake vase[t·] || plate 4a
(30) svadattāṁ paradattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām· sa viṣṭhāyāṁ krimir bhūtvā pitr̥bhi[s] [s]aha [pac]yate ||
(31) ◯ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā bahubhiś cānupālitā yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya [ta]sya ta[d]ā
(32) phalam· || bhuvi merūdadhī yāvad divīnduravimārutā tāvac chrīvi[ṣ]ṇukuṇḍīnāṁ pr̥thivīṁ śāstu ś[ā]sana[ṁ] [||]
<ab xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<pb type="plate" n="1b"/>
<lb n="1"/>
<unclear>
<g type="dextrorotatory-spiral"/>
</unclear>
<w xml:id="tok5417">svasti</w>
</ab>
<lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq2262" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="I">
<l xml:id="seq2179" n="a">
<w xml:id="tok5418">jitaṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5419">bhagavatā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5420">tena</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2180" n="b">
<w xml:id="tok5421">saṁbuddhena</w>
<w xml:id="tok5422">kr̥pātmanā</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2181" n="c">
<w xml:id="tok6854">nirvvāṇaprāptaye</w>
<w xml:id="tok5423">yena</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2182" n="d">
<w xml:id="tok5424">sadbhy<unclear>o</unclear>
</w>
<w xml:id="tok5425">mārggaḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5426">pra<unclear>da</unclear>rśitaḥ</w>
<pc>||</pc>
</l>
</lg>
<ab xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<w xml:id="tok5428">satvasatya<lb n="2" break="no"/>tyāgābhi<unclear>ja</unclear>nanayavinayotsāhādiguṇagaṇasaṁpadā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5430">svayamadhigatarājyānāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5431">samyakprajāpālanāt</w>
<w xml:id="tok5432">pra<lb n="3" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>
thitāvadātapr̥thuyaśasāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5433">rājñāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5434">viṣṇukuṇḍīnām</w>
<w xml:id="tok5435">amalavipulasakalakulatila<lb n="4" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>kena</w>
<w xml:id="tok5436">śrīmahārājendravarmmasatpautreṇa</w>
<w xml:id="tok5437">mahārājaśrīmādhavavarmmaṇaḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5438">suputreṇa</w>
<w xml:id="tok5439">svataya<lb n="5" break="no"/>bhujabalotsāhaprabhāvānurāgāvāptasvarājyena</w>
<w xml:id="tok5441">śauryyadhairyyapratāpānubhāvād</w>
<w xml:id="tok5442">a<lb n="6" break="no"/>
<pb type="plate" n="2a"/>nyasāmantākrāntarājyāntareṇa</w>
<w xml:id="tok5443">dānamānādibhir</w>
<w xml:id="tok5444">anuraktavarṇṇāśramasvajanaparijanena</w>
<w xml:id="tok5445">grāmakṣetra<lb n="7" break="no"/>hi<unclear>ra</unclear>ṇyadviradaturagagobalīvarddaśayanāsanayānapānabhojanabhājanabhavanavasanābharaṇakanyā<lb n="8" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>dāsīdāsasahasrāṇāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5448">dātrā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5449">°anekadevāyatanavihārasabhāprapātaḍākodupānā<lb n="9" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>rām<unclear>a</unclear>pratisaṁskārapūrvvakaraṇenālaṁkr̥tasakaladigantareṇa</w>
<w xml:id="tok5450">bhikṣudvijā<unclear>n</unclear>ātha<unclear>yāca</unclear>kavyā<lb n="10" break="no"/>dhitadīnakr̥paṇajanopabhujyamānanyāyādhigatavibhavadhanasamudayenāsa<unclear>kr̥</unclear>dasakr̥tsa<unclear>r</unclear>vva<lb n="11" break="no"/>svatyāginā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5452">sakalaśāstrārtthaśravaṇaparijñānād</w>
<w xml:id="tok5453">iha</w>
<w xml:id="tok5454">paratra</w>
<w xml:id="tok5455">cānanyaca<unclear>kṣ</unclear>u<unclear>ṣ</unclear>ā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5456">vi<unclear>d</unclear>vachhūramahā<lb n="12" break="no"/>
<pb type="plate" n="2b"/>
<fw type="pageNum" place="marginleft">
<num value="2">2</num>
</fw>kulīnajanasamāśrayeṇa</w>
<w xml:id="tok5458">sakalasatvadhātutrāṇāyotpāditamahābodhicigtena</w>
<w xml:id="tok5459">mahārājaśrī<lb n="13" break="no"/>govindavarmmaṇā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5461">°ātmanaḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5462">pravarddhamānavijayarājyasaṁvatsare</w>
<w xml:id="tok5463">saptatriṁśatke</w>
<w xml:id="tok5464">vaiśākhapūrṇṇamāsyāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5465">bhaga<lb n="14" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>vato</w>
<w xml:id="tok5466">daśabalabalinaḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5467">caturvvaiśāradyaviśāradasyāṣṭādaśāveṇikabuddhadharmmasamalaṁ<unclear>k</unclear>r̥<lb n="15" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>tamūrtter</w>
<w xml:id="tok5469">dvātriṁśatmahāpuruṣalakṣaṇavaropalakṣitasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5470">jātijarāmaraṇaśokādiṣu</w>
<w xml:id="tok5471">bahu<lb n="16" break="no"/>saṁsāraduḥkhanimagnasarvvasatvottāraṇāyānekakalpāsaṁkhyeyopacitapuṇyajñānasaṁbhārabhāra<lb n="17" break="no"/>syāpagatarāgadveṣamohajananamaraṇaduḥkhasyāpratihatānāvaraṇasakalajñeyaj<unclear>ñ</unclear>ānā<lb n="18" break="no"/>
<pb type="plate" n="3a"/>t</w>
<w xml:id="tok5473">samyaksaṁbuddhasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5474">buddhasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5475">mā<unclear>rg</unclear>gam</w>
<w xml:id="tok5476">abhiprapannaṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5477">nirvvidvirāgaśīlaśikṣādhutaguṇāddhyayanaśravaṇa<supplied reason="lost">ci</supplied>
<lb n="19" break="no"/>ntanabhāvanādhy<unclear>ā</unclear>nasamādhisamāpattyādibhi</w>
<w xml:id="tok5479">guṇagaṇair</w>
<w xml:id="tok5480">anuttaraṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5481">puṇyakṣetraṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5482">triyānayāyinaṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5483">cāturdd<unclear>i</unclear>
<lb n="20" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>śam</w>
<w xml:id="tok5484">āryyasaṅgham</w>
<w xml:id="tok5485">uddiśya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5486">tyāgaparibhogānvayam</w>
<w xml:id="tok5487">aupadhikañ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5488">ca</w>
<w xml:id="tok5489">puṇyakriyāvastvabhinirvvartta<lb n="21" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>yiṣyatā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5490">mātāpitroḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5491">sarvvasatvānāñ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5492">ca</w>
<w xml:id="tok5493">nikhiladāridye</w>
<w xml:id="tok5494">duḥkhopaśamahetoḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5495">svasyā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5496">°agra<lb n="22" break="no"/>mahiṣyā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5498">paramamahādevyā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5499">vihārasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5500">dīpadhūpagandhapuṣpadhvajapānabhojanaśayanāsanaglāna<lb n="23" break="no"/>bhaiṣajyakhaṇḍasphuṭitaśīrṇṇasaṁskārādik<unclear>u</unclear>śalamūlānupac<unclear>ch</unclear>edārtthaṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5502">dvāv</w>
<w xml:id="tok5503">em<unclear>b</unclear>u<unclear>d</unclear>alapeṇ<unclear>ṇ</unclear>apaṟa<lb n="24" break="no"/>
<pb type="plate" n="3b"/>
<fw type="pageNum" place="marginleft">
<num value="3">3</num>
</fw>nāmadheyau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5505">grāmau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5506">°udakadānapūrvvakaṁm</w>
<w xml:id="tok5507">atisr̥ṣṭau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5508">sanidhisopanidhisadaṇḍakaravriṣṭisocche<unclear>ṣaṇa</unclear>bhāga<lb n="25" break="no"/>bhogapradey<unclear>a</unclear>
</w>
<w xml:id="tok5511">cārabhaṭadūtavallabharājapuruṣair</w>
<w xml:id="tok5512">apraveśyau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5513">vimuktasakalapari<unclear>hā</unclear>rau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5514">viṣ<unclear>ṇu</unclear>k<unclear>u</unclear>ṇ<unclear>ḍ</unclear>i<lb n="26" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>kulavaṁśyai</w>
<w xml:id="tok5515">rājabhis</w>
<w xml:id="tok5516">saṁrakṣaṇīyau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5517">saṁvarddhanīyau</w>
<w xml:id="tok5518">ca</w>
<w xml:id="tok5519">sthitir</w>
<w xml:id="tok5520">eṣā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5521">sthā<unclear>p</unclear>it<unclear>a</unclear>
</w>
<w xml:id="tok5522">sthityatikrame</w>
<w xml:id="tok5523">pa<unclear>ñ</unclear>ca<lb n="27" break="no"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>mahāpātakayogaḥ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5524">pravr̥ttapuṇyakriyāvicchede</w>
<w xml:id="tok5525">cānattaduḥkhabhūyiṣṭh<unclear>a</unclear>nara<unclear>ka</unclear>ti<unclear>r</unclear>yya<lb n="28" break="no"/>kpretagatiṣv</w>
<w xml:id="tok5526">aniṣṭakarmmaphalopabhogam</w>
<w xml:id="tok5527">anubhavanti</w>
<pc>||</pc>
<w xml:id="tok5529">bhavanti</w>
<w xml:id="tok5530">cātra</w>
<w xml:id="tok5531">manugītā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5532">ślokā</w>
<pc>||</pc>
<space type="horizontal" quantity="1" unit="character"/>
</ab>
<lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq2263" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="II">
<l xml:id="seq2240" n="a">
<lb n="29"/>
<w xml:id="tok5535">ṣaṣṭiṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5536">varṣasahasrāṇi</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2241" n="b">
<w xml:id="tok5537">svargge</w>
<w xml:id="tok5538">vasati</w>
<w xml:id="tok5539">bhūmidaḥ</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2242" n="c">
<w xml:id="tok5540">°ācchettā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5540bis">hy</w>
<w xml:id="tok5541">anumantā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5542">ca</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2243" n="d">
<w xml:id="tok5543">tāny</w>
<w xml:id="tok5544">eva</w>
<w xml:id="tok5545">narake</w>
<w xml:id="tok5546">vase<unclear>t·</unclear>
</w>
<pc>||</pc>
</l>
</lg>
<lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq2264" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="III">
<l xml:id="seq2246" n="a">
<pb type="plate" n="4a"/>
<lb n="30"/>
<w xml:id="tok5548">svadattāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5549">paradattāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5550">vā</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2247" n="b">
<w xml:id="tok5551">yo</w>
<w xml:id="tok5552">hareta</w>
<w xml:id="tok5553">vasundharām·</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2248" n="c">
<w xml:id="tok5554">sa</w>
<w xml:id="tok5555">viṣṭhāyāṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5556">krimir</w>
<w xml:id="tok5557">bhūtvā</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2249" n="d">
<w xml:id="tok5558">pitr̥bhi<unclear>s</unclear>
</w>
<w xml:id="tok5559">
<unclear>s</unclear>aha</w>
<w xml:id="tok5560">
<unclear>pac</unclear>yate</w>
<pc>||</pc>
</l>
</lg>
<lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq2265" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="IV">
<l xml:id="seq2252" n="a">
<lb n="31"/>
<space type="binding-hole"/>
<w xml:id="tok5563">bahubhir</w>
<w xml:id="tok5564">vvasudhā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5565">dattā</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2253" n="b">
<w xml:id="tok5566">bahubhiś</w>
<w xml:id="tok5567">cānupālitā</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2254" n="c">
<w xml:id="tok5568">yasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5569">yasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5570">yadā</w>
<w xml:id="tok5571">bhūmis</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2255" n="d">
<w xml:id="tok5572">tasya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5573">
<unclear>ta</unclear>sya</w>
<w xml:id="tok5574">ta<unclear>d</unclear>ā</w>
<lb n="32"/>
<w xml:id="tok5575">phalam·</w>
<pc>||</pc>
</l>
</lg>
<lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq2266" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="V">
<l xml:id="seq2258" n="a">
<w xml:id="tok5577">bhuvi</w>
<w xml:id="tok5578">merūdadhī</w>
<w xml:id="tok5579">yāvad</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2259" n="b">
<w xml:id="tok5580">divīnduravimārutā</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2260" n="c">
<w xml:id="tok5581">tāvac</w>
<w xml:id="tok5582">chrīvi<unclear>ṣ</unclear>ṇukuṇḍīnāṁ</w>
</l>
<l xml:id="seq2261" n="d">
<w xml:id="tok5583">pr̥thivīṁ</w>
<w xml:id="tok5584">śāstu</w>
<w xml:id="tok5585">ś<unclear>ā</unclear>sana<unclear>ṁ</unclear>
</w>
<pc>
<unclear>||</unclear>
</pc>
</l>
</lg>
- (1) satva- sa⟨t⟩tva- SS .
- (2) -tyāgābhi[ja]na- [tyāgābhijana] SS .
- (2) -saṁpadā saṁpadāṁ SS saṁpadāṁ VVM . Sankaranarayanan 1974 and Mirashi 1982b made a silent emendation. We prefer an instr. sg. ending.
- (4) svataya- Read svanaya-, as suggested by Sankaranarayanan 1974 .
- (5-6) a[nya]sāmantā- anyasāmantā- SS . Emend ananya-?
- (6) anuraktavarṇṇāśrama- anuraktavarṇāśrama SS .
- (7) -hi[ra]ṇya- -hiraṇya- SS .
- (8) -taḍākodupāna- -taḍakodupāna- SS . Sankaranarayanan 1974 erroneously suggest to emend -kodapāna-. On udupāna, already found in Aśokan inscriptions, see BHSD, s.v.
- (9) -rāmaprati A locative form is expected here: cf. the Gunaighar copper-plate inscription: vihāre ca khaṇḍaphuṭṭapratisaṁskārakaraṇāya. Perhaps a loc. singular form can be accepted, in which case there is no need to supply <-ṣu>.
- (9) -pratisaṁskārapūrva- -pratisaṁskārāpūrva- SS . It seems necessary to follow here the silent emendation of Sankaranarayanan 1974 . For a discussion on the term apūrvakaraṇa in light of parallels, see Tournier forthcoming: 28–29, n. 19 .
- (10) -sa[rv]va- -[sva]sarvva- SS -sarvva- VVM . The space left between the <sa> and the <rvva> might be due to the descending ya marker from the above line.
- (11) iha paratra ihāparatra SS . Sankaranarayanan 1974 does a silent emendation.
- (12) satva- sa⟨t⟩tva- SS .
- (12) -mahābodhicigtena Read mahābodhicittena with Sankaranarayan.
- (14) samalaṁkr̥- samala⟨ṁ⟩kr̥- SS .
- (15) -triṁśat- Correct -triṁśan-.
- (18) nirvviḍvirāga -nirvviḍvirāga- SS . Sankaranarayanan 1974 suggests that nirdviḍ is probably the intended first word. This, however, is incorrect. Cf. BHSD, s.v. nirvid.
- (18) -śravaṇa(ci)- -śravaṇaci- SS .
- (19) -bhāvanā- -bhāvana- SS .
- (19) -samāpattyādibhi- Emend samāpattyādibhir.
- (20) puṇyakriyāvastvabhi- Understand puṇyakriyāvastum abhi-.
- (21) dāridye dāridrya SS . Emendation of Sankaranarayanan 1974 . This seems supported by the not common occurrence of dāridryaduḥkha as a compound in Buddhist Sanskrit texts. See Gaṇḍavyūha (V) 77: ... eṣa samādhiḥ, yatra hi nāma evaṁ sarvasattvānām aparimāṇaduḥkhaskandhavyupaśamāya pratyupasthitaḥ, yaduta dāridryaduḥkhaskandhavyupaśamārthena pratyupasthitaḥ |.
- (21-22) agramahiṣyā agramahiṣyā[ḥ] SS .
- (23) -bheṣajya- -bhaiṣajya- SS .
- (23) em[b]u[d]alapeṇ[ṇ]apaṟa- ermad[ā]lapeṇkaru- SS .
- (24) pūrvvakaṁm pūrvvakam SS .
- (24) -sadaṇḍ[a]karavriṣṭisocche[ṣaṇa]bhāga- -sadaṇḍaviṣṭis[v]occhiṣṭabhāga- SS . Sankaranarayanan 1974 remarks that ““originally <vvi> was engraved””. -sadaṇḍakaraviṣṭi[sodraṅga]bhāga- VVM . While the hypothetical reading proposed by Mirashi 1982b is meaningful, the number of syllables does not match that of our plate. Moreover, the expression sodraṅga does not seem to be found in the inscriptions of this time and region.
- (25) -pradeya cāra- -pradeyāv ācāra- SS . The akṣara <y[a] > might also be read <y[o] >, assuming the white mark running above the subscript <ra> of the above <grā> to be a vocalic marker. This would then be a mistake for pradeyau. Emend accordingly.
- (26) sthā[p]it[a] sthāpitā SS sthāpitā VVM . We however see no trace of the <-ā> marker, although one should emend sth[ā]pitā.
- (27) cānatta- Correct cānanta-.
- (27) -bhūyiṣṭh[a]narak[a]- -bhūyiṣṭhe narake SS .
- (28) anubhavan[t]i anubhavati SS . The <-u> marker of the akṣara nu unusually turns outwards, instead of inwards.
- (28) manugītā manugītā manugitā SS .
- (29) varṣasahasrāṇi There seems to be a ponctuation mark at the end of the first pāda, although this might also be a scratch.
- (29) hy anumantā cānumantā SS cānumantā VVM .
- (32) viṣṇukuṇḍīnāṁ viṣṇukuṇḍināṁ SS . The medial horizontal line of the <ṣ-> element in <ṣṇu> appears to be missing.
- (32) pr̥thivīṁ pr̥thivī[ṁ] SS pr̥thivī VVM .
- (32) śāstu śāstu śastu SS .
Victory is achieved by the Bhagavant, the complete Buddha, the Compassionate One, by whom the path towards the obtention of nirvāṇa is shown to good people.
The giver of land revels in heaven for sixty thousand years; the one who seizes [land] as well as the one who approves (of the seizing) will reside as many [years] in hell.
He who would seize land given by himself or by someone else becomes a worm in excrement and is cooked together with his ancestors.
By numerous [kings], land has been given; and by many it has been protected. Whoever holds land at a given moment, to him does the fruit then belong.
May the rule of the Viṣṇukuṇḍins govern the world as long as Meru and sea are on earth, and [as long as] sun and wind are in heaven!
- bookmark ARIE 1968–69: 2, no. A.2
- bookmark Sankaranarayanan 1977a: 37ff., 153–6 (I)
- bookmark Hanumantha Rao et al. 1998: 197–202
- bookmark Tournier forthcoming
Commentary