Metadata

Support
Five copper plates, with one blank; h. 6.4 ×  w. 19 ×  d. 0.2 cm.
Text
Sanskrit language, Southern Brāhmī script. h. unavailable ×  w. unavailable cm.
Date
Eleventh regnal year of Vikramendravarman II of the Viṣṇukuṇḍin dynasty, 488 śaka, approximately in 566-67 CE.
Origin
Tummalagudem, Ramannapeta taluk, Nalgonda district.
Provenance
This set was discovered in a well near the find spot of EIAD 174 in the Tummalagudem village. The precise date of discovery is unknown. Identified at Archaeological Museum Panagal (acc. no. P-7175) in January 2017.
Visual Documentation
Photo(s):
  • Sastri in Bharati 1965.
  • Sankaranarayanan 1974, pl. VI-VIII.
    • Editors
    Arlo Griffiths and Vincent Tournier, with contributions by Stefan Baums and Ingo Strauch.
    Publication history
    First described and edited by Sastri in Bharati 1965 , followed by Rama Rao 1965: 733–8 , Sankaranarayanan 1974: 15–20 and Mirashi 1982b: 135–8 . Re-edited here from published documentation and after autopsy of the plates.

    Edition

    1b
    IAnuṣṭubh
    a (1) dīp[t]yā diṅmaṇḍalaṁ vyāptaṁ b yasya bālārkkatejasaḥ
    c satyāśrayasuta⟨ḥ⟩ śrīmān d sa jayaty uttamāśrayaḥ
    (2) svasti bhagavacchrīparvvatasvāmipādānuddhyānāvaptaprajāparīpālanādhikārāṇāṁ brahmakṣatra(3)tejobhr̥tāṁ viṣṇuvikramanayasampadāṁ viṣṇukuṇḍīnāṁ ṣaḍabhijñaprātihāryyadarśa(4)nānu◯grahajanitasugataśāsanābhiprasādasya vibudhabhavanapratisparddhiśobhā(5)sa[m]u◯dayānekamahāvihārapratiṣṭhāpanādhigatānantabrāhmapuṇyasaṁbhārasya mahā(6)rājaśrīgovindavarmmaṇaḥ putrasyaikādaśāśvamedhabahusuvarṇṇapauṇḍarīkavājapeya(7)kratusahasrasarvvamedharājasūyapuruṣamedhādyā[ha]raṇāt samyaganuṣṭhitaśrutivi(8) 2ahitāśeṣaduṣkarakāmyakarmm[ā]nuṣṭhānasya prāgdakṣiṇāparāmbhonidhirevāsaritsalilavala(9)yavibhūṣaṇāyā⟨ḥ⟩ bhuvo bhartur mmahārājaśrīmādhavavarmma[ṇa]ḥ priyaputrasya vākāṭakamahā(10)devīsutasya mahākaveḥ paramasaugatasya mahārājaśrīvikramendrasya sūnor ane(11)kacā◯turddantavijayādhigatāśeṣacakkravarttikṣetrādhipatyasya sphuradkhaḍga(12)kara◯sahasrāvalīparigatasvabhujadinakaraprabhāvaviddhvastāśeṣadāyāda(13)maṇḍalaghanatimirapaṭalasya śrīndrabhaṭṭārakavarmmaṇaḥ priyasūnus tadanurūpa(14)śauryyātiśayasamastarājariṣiguṇasampadyogasāmartthyāt prakr̥timaṇḍalena (15) 2b 2 śaiśava °evāropitarājyabhāraḥ paramadhārmmiko dharmmavijayī praṇatānekasāmantama(16)kuṭamaṇimayūkhodbhāsitavaracaraṇayugaḷaḥ śrīmān vikramendrabhaṭṭārakavarmmānā(17)gatakālabhāvinaḥ svaparavaṁśālaṁkārabhūtān sarvvān eva rājariṣīn anurūpe(18)ṇa sa◯tkr̥tyettham avabodhayati yathā prathitaprabhāvānyarājavaṁśasātmī(19)bhūta◯pr̥thivīpatipadaprasahyāharaṇavyaktaniratiśayamahimānaṁ śrīmā(20)dhavarājābhidhānaṁ sutacchalena manoharākārabaddhaṁ nayaparākramādiguṇasando(21)ham abhiprajātāyā viṣṇukuṇḍikulabahumataikasaṁbandhitābhikhyātamāhātmya(22) 3am aśeṣasāmantakulatilakāyamānābhijanam avikalaguṇamaṇikiraṇanika(23)ravicchuritavipuladigantarālaṁ śrīpr̥thivīmūlarājavaṁśam utpattiparigraheṇa (24) śriyeva sāgaram alaṁkr̥tavatyā prativiṣayam atibahuprakāramanoramo(25)dāra◯karmmādbhutastūpavihāracūḍāmaṇibhir alaṁkr̥tasakaladakṣiṇā(26)patha◯sya śrīpārvvateyapūrvvāparakṣitipatiparaṁparāhāramaddhyaniru(27)pamavirājitayā kaustubhāyamānayaśojanmanaḥ guṇarūpasaṁpadbhi(28) 3b 3 r anugatagovindasya śrīgo⟨vi⟩ndarājasya mūrttimatī[ṁ] śriyaṁ praty aviṣayīkr̥tama(29)norathayā paramabhaṭṭārikamahādevyā śrīmadindrapuram uccair alaṁkarttukāma(30)yeva pratiṣṭhāpite śrīmati paramabhaṭṭārikāmahāvihāre smābhi⟨ḥ⟩ pravarddhamā(31)navi◯jayarājyasaṁvatsaraikādaśe kārttikamāsakr̥ṣṇapakṣāṣṭa(32)myā[ṁ] cāturddiśāryyavarabhikṣusaṁghaparibhogāya sarvvadāna[sah]i(33)tas sarvvābādhaparihāreṇa °irundoṟo nāma grāmo dattaḥ ◊ (34) sa sa[r]vvair e[va] rājariṣibh[i]ḥ śrutismr̥tisadācārānuvr̥[t]t[i]bhiḥ samyakpari(35)pālanīyaḥ yaś cātra lobhapramādājñānakṣudraparivāradoṣavaśād dharmma(36)vilopāya pravartteta tasyemāni smr̥tivihitāni pātakāni bhavanti ||
    IIAnuṣṭubh
    a nigghna4a (37)tāṁ ◯ bhartr̥govipra b bālayoṣidvipaścitaḥ
    c yā gatis sā bhaved vr̥(38)ttiṁ ◯ d harataḥ śāsanāṁkitām· ||
    IIIAnuṣṭubh
    a bahubhir vvasudhā dattā b bahubhiś cānupā(39)litā
    c yasya yasya yadā bhūmis d tasya tasya tadā phalam· ||
    IVAnuṣṭubh
    a ṣaṣṭi[ṁ] (40) 4b 4 varṣasahasrāṇi ◊ b svargge tiṣṭhati bhūmidaḥ
    c °ākṣept[ā] cānumantā ca d tāny eva (41) narake vaset· ||
    VŚārdūlavikrīḍita
    a
    kr̥tvā pallavabhaṁgapelavabalaṁ siṁhāhvayaṁ pallavaṁ
    b
    [pra]ty[ā] (42)vr̥tya yadāgataḥ prathamataś śakrābhidhānaṁ puraṁ
    c
    prādāc chāsanam uttamāśraya (43) °iti ◯ khyātas tadedaṁ nr̥paḥ
    d
    sāṣṭāśīticatuḥśate śakapates saṁva(44)tsarāṇāṁ gate ||
    VIUpajāti
    a
    yenoddhr̥tā bhartr̥kulasya lakṣmīr
    b
    adhaḫ patantī nayavi(45)kramābhyā⟨m·⟩
    c
    °ājñāpanākhyātakulaprasūtaḥ
    d
    śrīmūlarājaḥ sa nr̥peṣu mukhyaḥ ||
    plate 1b
    (1) dīp[t]yā diṅmaṇḍalaṁ vyāptaṁ     yasya bālārkkatejasaḥ satyāśrayasuta⟨ḥ⟩ śrīmān sa jayaty uttamāśrayaḥ
    (2) svasti bhagavacchrīparvvatasvāmipādānuddhyānāvaptaprajāparīpālanādhikārāṇāṁ brahmakṣatra-
    (3)tejobhr̥tāṁ viṣṇuvikramanayasampadāṁ viṣṇukuṇḍīnāṁ ṣaḍabhijñaprātihāryyadarśa-
    (4)nānu◯grahajanitasugataśāsanābhiprasādasya vibudhabhavanapratisparddhiśobhā-
    (5)sa[m]u◯dayānekamahāvihārapratiṣṭhāpanādhigatānantabrāhmapuṇyasaṁbhārasya mahā-
    (6)rājaśrīgovindavarmmaṇaḥ putrasyaikādaśāśvamedhabahusuvarṇṇapauṇḍarīkavājapeya-
    (7)kratusahasrasarvvamedharājasūyapuruṣamedhādyā[ha]raṇāt samyaganuṣṭhitaśrutivi-
    (8) plate 2ahitāśeṣaduṣkarakāmyakarmm[ā]nuṣṭhānasya prāgdakṣiṇāparāmbhonidhirevāsaritsalilavala-
    (9)yavibhūṣaṇāyā⟨ḥ⟩ bhuvo bhartur mmahārājaśrīmādhavavarmma[ṇa]ḥ priyaputrasya vākāṭakamahā-
    (10)devīsutasya mahākaveḥ paramasaugatasya mahārājaśrīvikramendrasya sūnor ane-
    (11)kacā◯turddantavijayādhigatāśeṣacakkravarttikṣetrādhipatyasya sphuradkhaḍga-
    (12)kara◯sahasrāvalīparigatasvabhujadinakaraprabhāvaviddhvastāśeṣadāyāda-
    (13)maṇḍalaghanatimirapaṭalasya śrīndrabhaṭṭārakavarmmaṇaḥ priyasūnus tadanurūpa-
    (14)śauryyātiśayasamastarājariṣiguṇasampadyogasāmartthyāt prakr̥timaṇḍalena
    (15) plate 2b 2 śaiśava °evāropitarājyabhāraḥ paramadhārmmiko dharmmavijayī praṇatānekasāmantama-
    (16)kuṭamaṇimayūkhodbhāsitavaracaraṇayugaḷaḥ śrīmān vikramendrabhaṭṭārakavarmmānā-
    (17)gatakālabhāvinaḥ svaparavaṁśālaṁkārabhūtān sarvvān eva rājariṣīn anurūpe-
    (18)ṇa sa◯tkr̥tyettham avabodhayati yathā prathitaprabhāvānyarājavaṁśasātmī-
    (19)bhūta◯pr̥thivīpatipadaprasahyāharaṇavyaktaniratiśayamahimānaṁ śrīmā-
    (20)dhavarājābhidhānaṁ sutacchalena manoharākārabaddhaṁ nayaparākramādiguṇasando-
    (21)ham abhiprajātāyā viṣṇukuṇḍikulabahumataikasaṁbandhitābhikhyātamāhātmya-
    (22) plate 3am aśeṣasāmantakulatilakāyamānābhijanam avikalaguṇamaṇikiraṇanika-
    (23)ravicchuritavipuladigantarālaṁ śrīpr̥thivīmūlarājavaṁśam utpattiparigraheṇa
    (24) śriyeva sāgaram alaṁkr̥tavatyā prativiṣayam atibahuprakāramanoramo-
    (25)dāra◯karmmādbhutastūpavihāracūḍāmaṇibhir alaṁkr̥tasakaladakṣiṇā-
    (26)patha◯sya śrīpārvvateyapūrvvāparakṣitipatiparaṁparāhāramaddhyaniru-
    (27)pamavirājitayā kaustubhāyamānayaśojanmanaḥ guṇarūpasaṁpadbhi-
    (28) plate 3b 3 r anugatagovindasya śrīgo⟨vi⟩ndarājasya mūrttimatī[ṁ] śriyaṁ praty aviṣayīkr̥tama-
    (29)norathayā paramabhaṭṭārikamahādevyā śrīmadindrapuram uccair alaṁkarttukāma-
    (30)yeva pratiṣṭhāpite śrīmati paramabhaṭṭārikāmahāvihāre smābhi⟨ḥ⟩ pravarddhamā-
    (31)navi◯jayarājyasaṁvatsaraikādaśe kārttikamāsakr̥ṣṇapakṣāṣṭa-
    (32)myā[ṁ] cāturddiśāryyavarabhikṣusaṁghaparibhogāya sarvvadāna[sah]i-
    (33)tas sarvvābādhaparihāreṇa °irundoṟo nāma grāmo dattaḥ ◊
    (34) sa sa[r]vvair e[va] rājariṣibh[i]ḥ śrutismr̥tisadācārānuvr̥[t]t[i]bhiḥ samyakpari-
    (35)pālanīyaḥ yaś cātra lobhapramādājñānakṣudraparivāradoṣavaśād dharmma-
    (36)vilopāya pravartteta tasyemāni smr̥tivihitāni pātakāni bhavanti ||     nigghnaplate 4a -
    (37)tāṁ ◯ bhartr̥govipra     bālayoṣidvipaścitaḥ yā gatis sā bhaved vr̥-
    (38)ttiṁ ◯     harataḥ śāsanāṁkitām· ||     bahubhir vvasudhā dattā bahubhiś cānupā-
    (39)litā     yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalam· ||     ṣaṣṭi[ṁ]
    (40) plate 4b 4 varṣasahasrāṇi ◊     svargge tiṣṭhati bhūmidaḥ °ākṣept[ā] cānumantā ca tāny eva
    (41) narake vaset· ||     kr̥tvā pallavabhaṁgapelavabalaṁ siṁhāhvayaṁ pallavaṁ [pra]ty[ā] -
    (42)vr̥tya yadāgataḥ prathamataś śakrābhidhānaṁ puraṁ     prādāc chāsanam uttamāśraya
    (43) °iti ◯ khyātas tadedaṁ nr̥paḥ     sāṣṭāśīticatuḥśate śakapates saṁva-
    (44)tsarāṇāṁ gate ||     yenoddhr̥tā bhartr̥kulasya lakṣmīr adhaḫ patantī nayavi-
    (45)kramābhyā⟨m·⟩     °ājñāpanākhyātakulaprasūtaḥ śrīmūlarājaḥ sa nr̥peṣu mukhyaḥ || 
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                    <w xml:id="tok5672">śrīgo<supplied reason="omitted">vi</supplied>ndarājasya</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5673">mūrttimatī<unclear>ṁ</unclear>
                    </w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5674">śriyaṁ</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5675">praty</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5676">aviṣayīkr̥tama<lb n="29" break="no"/>norathayā</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5678">paramabhaṭṭārikamahādevyā</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5679">śrīmadindrapuram</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5680">uccair</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5681">alaṁkarttukāma<lb n="30" break="no"/>yeva</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5683">pratiṣṭhāpite</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5684">śrīmati</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5685">paramabhaṭṭārikāmahāvihāre</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5686">smābhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied>
                    </w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5687">pravarddhamā<lb n="31" break="no"/>navi<space type="binding-hole"/>jayarājyasaṁvatsaraikādaśe</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5689">kārttikamāsakr̥ṣṇapakṣāṣṭa<lb n="32" break="no"/>myā<unclear>ṁ</unclear>
                    </w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5691">cāturddiśāryyavarabhikṣusaṁghaparibhogāya</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5692">sarvvadāna<unclear>sah</unclear>i<lb n="33" break="no"/>tas</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5694">sarvvābādhaparihāreṇa</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5695">°irundoṟo</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5696">nāma</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5697">grāmo</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5698">dattaḥ</w>
                    <space type="horizontal" quantity="7" unit="character"/>
                    <lb n="34"/>
                    <w xml:id="tok5706">sa</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5707">sa<unclear>r</unclear>vvair</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5708">e<unclear>va</unclear>
                    </w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5709">rājariṣibh<unclear>i</unclear>ḥ</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5710">śrutismr̥tisadācārānuvr̥<unclear>t</unclear>t<unclear>i</unclear>bhiḥ</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5711">samyakpari<lb n="35" break="no"/>pālanīyaḥ</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5713">yaś</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5714">cātra</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5715">lobhapramādājñānakṣudraparivāradoṣavaśād</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5716">dharmma<lb n="36" break="no"/>vilopāya</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5717">pravartteta</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5718">tasyemāni</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5719">smr̥tivihitāni</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5720">pātakāni</w>
                    <w xml:id="tok5721">bhavanti</w>
                    <pc>||</pc>
                </ab>
    <lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq3010" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="II">
                    <l xml:id="seq2347" n="a">
                        <w xml:id="tok5723">nigghna<pb type="plate" n="4a"/>
                            <lb n="37" break="no"/>tāṁ</w>
                        <space type="binding-hole"/>
                        <w xml:id="tok5726">bhartr̥govipra</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2350" n="b">
                        <w xml:id="tok5727">bālayoṣidvipaścitaḥ</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2351" n="c">
                        <w xml:id="tok5728">yā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5729">gatis</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5730">sā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5731">bhaved</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5732">vr̥<lb n="38" break="no"/>ttiṁ</w>
                        <space type="binding-hole"/>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2354" n="d">
                        <w xml:id="tok5735">harataḥ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5736">śāsanāṁkitām·</w>
                        <pc>||</pc>
                    </l>
                </lg>
    <lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq3011" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="III">
                    <l xml:id="seq2355" n="a">
                        <w xml:id="tok5738">bahubhir</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5739">vvasudhā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5740">dattā</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2356" n="b">
                        <w xml:id="tok5741">bahubhiś</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5742">cānupā<lb n="39" break="no"/>litā</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2359" n="c">
                        <w xml:id="tok5744">yasya</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5745">yasya</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5746">yadā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5747">bhūmis</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2360" n="d">
                        <w xml:id="tok5748">tasya</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5749">tasya</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5750">tadā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5751">phalam·</w>
                        <pc>||</pc>
                    </l>
                </lg>
    <lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq3012" met="Anuṣṭubh" n="IV">
                    <l xml:id="seq2361" n="a">
                        <w xml:id="tok5753">ṣaṣṭi<unclear>ṁ</unclear>
                        </w>
                        <lb n="40"/>
                        <pb type="plate" n="4b"/>
                        <fw type="pageNum" place="marginleft">
                            <num value="4">4</num>
                        </fw>
                        <w xml:id="tok5754">varṣasahasrāṇi</w>
                        <space type="horizontal" quantity="2" unit="character"/>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2364" n="b">
                        <w xml:id="tok5757">svargge</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5758">tiṣṭhati</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5759">bhūmidaḥ</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2365" n="c">
                        <w xml:id="tok5760">°ākṣept<unclear>ā</unclear>
                        </w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5761">cānumantā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5762">ca</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2366" n="d">
                        <w xml:id="tok5763">tāny</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5764">eva</w>
                        <lb n="41"/>
                        <w xml:id="tok5765">narake</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5766">vaset·</w>
                        <pc>||</pc>
                    </l>
                </lg>
    <lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq3013" met="Śārdūlavikrīḍita" n="V">
                    <l xml:id="seq2369" n="a">
                        <w xml:id="tok5768">kr̥tvā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5769">pallavabhaṁgapelavabalaṁ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5770">siṁhāhvayaṁ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5771">pallavaṁ</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2370" n="b">
                        <w xml:id="tok5772">
                            <unclear>pra</unclear>ty<unclear>ā</unclear>
                            <lb n="42" break="no"/>vr̥tya</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5774">yadāgataḥ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5775">prathamataś</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5776">śakrābhidhānaṁ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5777">puraṁ</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2373" n="c">
                        <w xml:id="tok5778">prādāc</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5779">chāsanam</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5780">uttamāśraya</w>
                        <lb n="43"/>
                        <w xml:id="tok5781">°iti</w>
                        <space type="binding-hole"/>
                        <w xml:id="tok5783">khyātas</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5784">tadedaṁ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5785">nr̥paḥ</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2376" n="d">
                        <w xml:id="tok5786">sāṣṭāśīticatuḥśate</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5787">śakapates</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5788">saṁva<lb n="44" break="no"/>tsarāṇāṁ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5789">gate</w>
                        <pc>||</pc>
                    </l>
                </lg>
    <lg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="seq3014" met="Upajāti" n="VI">
                    <l xml:id="seq2379" n="a">
                        <w xml:id="tok5790">yenoddhr̥tā</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5791">bhartr̥kulasya</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5792">lakṣmīr</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2380" n="b">
                        <w xml:id="tok5793">adhaḫ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5794">patantī</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5795">nayavi<lb n="45" break="no"/>kramābhyā<supplied reason="omitted">m·</supplied>
                        </w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2383" n="c">
                        <w xml:id="tok5797">°ājñāpanākhyātakulaprasūtaḥ</w>
                    </l>
                    <l xml:id="seq2384" n="d">
                        <w xml:id="tok5798">śrīmūlarājaḥ</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5799">sa</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5800">nr̥peṣu</w>
                        <w xml:id="tok5801">mukhyaḥ</w>
                        <pc>||</pc>
                    </l>
                </lg>

    Apparatus

    • (1) uttamāśrayaḥ uttamāśraya⟨ḥ⟩ SSVVM . The visarga is actually visible on the photo.
    • (3) -prātihāryya- -prātihāryya- VVM -prātihārya- SS .
    • (8) parāmbhonidhir -parāmbunidhir- SSVVM .
    • (7) -ā[ha]raṇāt -āharahas- SS -āharahas- VVM .
    • (9) bhartur bharttur SSVVM .
    • (10) paramasaugatasya The first akṣara is damaged and what is left of it might also be read as <[sa]>; naturally, <pa> is expected here.
    • (11) -cakkravartti- -cakkravarti- SSVVM .
    • (11) sphurad- SSVVM . Both suggest to emend sphurat-.
    • (12) -prabhāvavi- SSVVM . Mirashi 1982b proposes to emend -prabhāvi-.
    • (15) śaiśava VVM . saisava SS .
    • (17) -ālaṁkāra- -ālaṅkāra- SS -ālaṁkāra- VVM .
    • (20–21) sandoham Mirashi notes ( Mirashi 1982b: 136 ): “Some word like Mādhavaṁ denoting Vishnu is inadvertently omitted here. The intended sense is that the Paramabhaṭṭārikā Mahādevī was the mother of God Mādhava (Vishnu), who has incarnated himself in the guise of (her son) Mādhavavarman I.”
    • (21) abhiprajātāyā SSVVM . Sankaranarayanan 1974 suggests to read abhiprajātayā.
    • (21) -saṁbandhi- -sambandhi- SS .
    • (21) -ābhikhyāta SSVVM . The shape of the akṣara <khyā> is curious, when compared to that of the <khyā> in the last line of this record. It might be the case that a <khkhyā> was intended.
    • (25) cūḍāmaṇibhir VVM . cūlāmaṇibhir SS .
    • (27) virājitayā virājitaya SS virājitayā VVM .
    • (27) -yaśojanmanaḥ -yasojanmanaḥ SSVVM .
    • (30) smābhi⟨ḥ⟩ smābhi[ḥ] SS smābhiḥ VVM .
    • (32) sarvvadāna- SSVVM . One has the impression the engraver may have written svarvvadāna-, and if so he may have attempted to cancel the first subscript <-v->. We expect sarvvādāna here, although we don’t see the marker of the <-ā> attached to the repha in the photo of the plates.
    • (33) sarvvābādhaparihāreṇa VVM . sarvvabri(bā)dh[ā]parihāreṇa SS . Sankaranarayanan 1974 however clearly mistook the vocalic marker of the <ā>, in <vvā>, with an <i> attached to the following akṣara. The same reading sarvvābādhaparihāreṇa is also found in EIAD 187, l. 13.
    • (34) ◊ The engraver left unengraved enough space of 7 akṣaras, as he reached the end of the sentence.
    • (34) sa[r]vvair ev[a] sarvvair eva SS sarvver eva VVM .
    • (34) rājariṣibh[i]ḥ Sankaranarayanan 1974 proposes to emend rājar̥ṣibhiḥ, whereas Mirashi 1982b proposes rājarṣibhiḥ.
    • (36) nigghnatāṁ The expected reading is <ghna>.
    • (38–39) cānupālitā Sankaranarayanan 1974 and Mirashi 1982b mistakenly read the the <pā> at the beginning of l. 39.
    • (39) bhūmis SSVVM . The vocalization <-ū-> includes a superfluous second rightward horizontal stroke.
    • (40) ◊ svargge The reason for leaving a space after the first pāda of this verse seems to be that two akṣaras were written by the engraver, before being erased.
    • (44-45) nayavikramābhyā⟨m·⟩ What may appear to be the <m·> that we expect, placed below the <bhyā> in the black and white picture of the plate published by Sankaranarayanan 1974 does not appear to be one upon closer inspection.

    Translation

    I.

    Victorious is he, whose lustre has pervaded [all] directions of the compass, he who is resplendent as the young sun, this illustrious Uttamāśraya, son of Satyāśraya.

    Hail!
    (2-16) The illustrious Vikramendrabhaṭṭārakavarman, who was entrusted with the burden of kingship, as he was still a child, by the council of the ministers, on account of his accomplishment in and dedication to all the virtues of royal seers [and of] his superior heroism worthy of his [father], who is extremely righteous (paramadhārmika) and a conqueror through Dharma (dharmavijayin), the pair of whose excellent feet is illuminated by the rays of the gems of the diadems of many neighboring rulers as they bow [to him]; who belongs to the Viṣṇukuṇḍins—who have obtained the legitimacy (adhikāra) to protect their subjects thanks to the blessings received at the feet of the Bhagavant Śrīparvatasvāmin, who abound in the glory of [both] the brahmins and kṣatriyas and who, like Viṣṇu, are accomplished in prowess and political skill (naya)—; the beloved son of Śrī-Indrabhaṭṭārakavarman—who acquired the sovereignty over the whole domain of a cakravartin by means of victories in innumerable four-tusked (i.e. elephant) [combats], by whom the veil of dense darkness [constituted by] the circle of other heirs [to the throne] was entirely dispelled, by means of the power of the sun that was [lying in] his own hand, and spread through the rows of rays [in the form of] the glittering swords [of his army]—, the son of the great king Śrī-Vikramendravarman [I]—who was the son of a great Vākāṭaka queen, was a great poet and a devout worshipper of the Sugata—; the beloved son of the great king Śrī-Mādhavavarman—who perfectly carried out the accomplishment of all difficult, desire-fulfilling, rites prescribed by the śruti because of his performance of eleven Aśvamedhas, Bahusuvarṇas, and Pauṇḍarikas, a thousand of Kratus, the Sarvamedha, the royal consecration, and human sacrifice, who was the lord of earth adorned with the ring of the waters formed by the Revā (i.e. the Narmadā) [in the north] as well as of the oceans in the east, south, and west; the son of the mahārāja Śrī-Govindavarman— the Śrī-Govindavarman, whose trust in the Teaching of the Sugata was born from the favour of a miraculous vision of Him who is endowed with the six super-knowledges (ṣaḍabhijña, i.e. the Buddha), whose accumulation of boundless Brāhma-merit has been obtained through the foundation of many mahāvihāras that produced a brilliance rivalling with that of the residences of the gods (or: their temples); after dutifully honoring all royal seers, who will be true ornaments in the his own or in other dynasties, informs in this respect:
    (18-21) ‘She who gave birth under the pretext of a son, to the [very] heap of virtues [like] political wisdom/restraint, endowed with charming personality, bearing the glorious name Mādhavarāja and having an unsurpassed might, manifest in forcibly seizing the royal seats (i.e., cities) that had been completely beneficial to other royal families of reputed might;
    (21-24) who (Paramabhaṭṭārikāmahādevī), by taking birth, adorned the Śrī-Pr̥thivīmūla family—just as Śrī (Lakṣmī) [did] the ocean—which, by the abundance of rays of lights causes the extensive quarters of space to shine; whose greatness is manifest in (its) honorable and unique marriage-relationship with the Viṣṇukuṇḍi family; and [therefore] whose noble descent stands in the foremost among the family of all feudatories/neighboring kings;
    (24-29) on account of whom (Paramabhaṭṭārikā) the glorious Govindarāja resembling Govinda (Viṣṇu) by virtues, beauty and wealth, did not crave for Śrī having corporeal body, who gave rise to the fame that resembled the kaustubha gem that shines uniquely at the centre of the necklace in the form of the row of kings of the past and future of the family [sprung] from the Śrīparvata; and who beautified the whole of the Dakṣiṇāpatha by varied attractive and sublime works viz., the wonderful stūpas and monasteries [built] in every district;
    (29-30) in the glorious Paramabhaṭṭārikāmahāvihāra founded by the mahādevī Paramabhaṭṭārikā as if she was desirous of highly beautifying the glorious Indrapura;
    (30-33) on the eleventh year of the increasingly victorious reign, on the eighth lunar day of the dark fortnight of the month of Kārtika, the village named Irundora is gifted by us with the exemption from all obstacles and with all the constituents of the gift (or with all custom-duties) for the enjoyment of the universal congregation of the excellent monks.
    (34-36) [This gift] may also be well protected by all the sage-kings following [the path] of the śruti, smr̥ti, and sadācāra. Whosoever, being victim of greed, carelessness, or the wickedness of [his] mean servants, proceeds on this [gift] with a view to destroy the charity, to him will accrue these sins enjoined in the smr̥tis.’
    II.

    The destiny of those who slay their master, a cow, a brahmin, a child, a woman or a learned man, will be the one of him who seizes the livelihood that is marked by a (royal) charter.

    III.

    By numerous [kings], land has been given; and by many it has been protected. Whoever holds land at a given moment, to him does the fruit then belong.

    IV.

    The giver of land revels in heaven for sixty thousand years; the one who seizes [land] as well as the one who approves (of the seizing) will reside as many [years] in hell.

    (41-44) Having made the Pallava named Siṁha as weak as a fragment of the sprout and having returned back and come first to Śakrapura, the king widely known as Uttamāśraya, issued this edict when four hundred and eighty-eight years of the lot of the Śakas have elapsed.
    (44-45) The ājñāpana [of this charter] is that Śrīmūlarāja who is born of a reputed family; who is the foremost among the kings; and by whom the down-fallen fortune of the family of the overlord is restored by means of political wisdom and valor.

    Secondary bibliography